Wizard of Oz
The Wizard of Oz method is simply observing a participant interacting with a system, interface or product. The catch is, whatever the participant is interacting with hasn’t actually been built yet. The observer simulates what the system would do if it was interacted with in the way the participants wants it to.
This is particularly useful when wanting quick feedback on a potential interface design since it does not require a working prototype. Further description of this and an example is provided in Dahlback et al. (1993).
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Dahlbäck, N., Jönsson, A., & Ahrenberg, L. (1993). Wizard of Oz studies — why and how. Knowledge-Based Systems, 6(4), 258–266.
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Dejoode, J. A., Cooke, N. J., & Shope, S. M. (2003). Naturalistic Observation of Airport Incident Command. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 47(3), 663–667.